--- title: "Solar Photovoltaic (PV) Explained | How Solar Panels Work" url: https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/pv/solar-photovoltaic description: "Learn how solar photovoltaic technology converts sunlight into electricity. Complete guide to PV panels, efficiency, lifespan, and costs for UK homes." lang: en-GB --- # Solar Photovoltaic (PV) — How Solar Panels Work Solar PV converts sunlight into electricity for your home. Learn how photovoltaic technology works, what it costs, and why it's the UK's fastest-growing renewable energy source. ## How Solar PV Works 1 ### Photovoltaic Cells Absorb Light Solar cells made of silicon absorb photons from sunlight, exciting electrons to create an electrical current. 2 ### DC to AC Conversion An inverter converts the direct current (DC) produced by panels into alternating current (AC) used in your home. 3 ### Power Your Home Solar electricity powers your appliances first, reducing the amount you buy from the grid. 4 ### Export or Store Surplus Excess electricity is exported to the grid (earning SEG payments) or stored in a battery for later use. ## Frequently Asked Questions ### What is solar photovoltaic (PV)? Solar photovoltaic (PV) is a technology that converts sunlight directly into electricity using semiconductor cells. PV panels are installed on rooftops and generate clean, renewable electricity for homes and businesses. ### How efficient are solar PV panels? Modern residential solar PV panels are 20–22% efficient, meaning they convert 20–22% of sunlight into electricity. Premium panels can reach 24%. This is sufficient to power most UK homes with 10–14 panels. ### How long do solar PV panels last? Solar PV panels typically last 25–25 years with minimal degradation (around 0.5% per year). Most manufacturers offer 30-year warranties guaranteeing at least 80% of original output. ## Related Guides & Resources ### Solar Panel Installation MCS certified solar panel systems with 30-year warranties. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/solar-panels ### Battery Storage Store solar energy for evening use and maximise savings. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/battery-storage ### Solar Panel Costs 2026 Up-to-date UK pricing for residential solar systems. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/solar-energy/solar-panel-cost-uk ### Solar Savings Guide How much can you save with solar panels? https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/solar-energy/solar-panel-savings ### Government Grants Check your eligibility for solar grants and funding. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/grants ### 0% Finance Options Spread the cost with affordable monthly payments. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/finance ### Instant Solar Estimate Get a quick price estimate for your home. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/solar-estimator ### Get a Free Quote Book a free, no-obligation survey and quote. https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/free-quote ## Get Solar PV for Your Home ## Accreditations Image: Our Accreditations: HIES Consumer Code, TSI Approved Code, TrustMark Government Endorsed Quality, Green Deal Approved, MCS Certified, NAPIT (https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/assets/solar-accreditations-CbjEg9cO.png) Public Liability Insurance – Tradesman Saver £5,000,000 – GREE55TR01 Employers Liability Insurance – Tradesman Saver £10,000,000 – GREE55TR01 Professional Indemnity – Tradesman Saver £250,000 – GREE55TR01 ## Structured data ```json [ { "@context": "https://schema.org", "@type": "LocalBusiness", "@id": "https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/#localbusiness", "name": "Greentech Renewables Ltd", "alternateName": "Greentech Renewables", "image": "https://www.greentechrenewables.co.uk/logo.png", "description": "MCS-certified solar panel, battery storage, heat pump and EV charger installer based in Greater Manchester, serving the North West and the UK. 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