The Photovoltaic Effect
When photons (light particles) hit a solar cell, they knock electrons loose from silicon atoms. This creates an electrical current. Each cell produces about 0.5 volts — cells are wired together in series to reach useful voltages.
From Panel to Plug Socket
Panels produce DC (direct current) electricity. An inverter converts this to AC (alternating current) used by your home. A generation meter records how much energy you produce, and surplus is exported to the grid.
Performance in UK Weather
Solar panels work from daylight, not just direct sunshine. They generate electricity year-round in the UK, producing most in April-September. Even on overcast days, panels produce 10-25% of their peak output.
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